Rheumatological conditions

Gout, osteoporosis, Bechterew’s disease, diabetic polyneuropathy, joint arthrosis, fibromyalgia

Inflammatory, autoimmune and degenerative diseases of the locomotor system. Painful conditions of the joints, muscles, ligaments, soft tissues around joints and bones.

Acute joint pain (gout)

Cause
Gout starts suddenly, usually during the night, with a severe joint pain which is so strong that the slightest touch of the covers can cause extreme pain for the patient. It normally affects only one joint, usually that of the big toe.

The cause of the disease is linked to diet, that is, a higher intake of protein-rich foods such as rich meats, dairy, eggs, etc.

Treatment
In Serbia gout is treated mainly with medication, specifically nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory antirheumatic drugs, because there is a lack of awareness that diet and physical medicine produce better and quicker results without the harmful effects of strong medication.

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Reduction of bone density (osteoporosis)

Cause
Osteoporosis most commonly occurs in post-menopausal women and then it is called primary osteoporosis. When osteoporosis is the result of other diseases or long-term use of medications that cause bone demineralization, it is called secondary osteoporosis. Senile osteoporosis occurs in both men and women over 75.

Treatment

With osteoporosis it is important to diagnose the level of bone density (bone densitometry) on time and start treatment immediately.
Osteoporosis can be halted or slowed down with a proper regime, which entails:

  • medication
  • dietary changes
  • increased calcium intake
  • physical activity which boosts bone metabolism.

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Diabetic polyneuropathy

Cause
Diabetic polyneuropathy is a disease of the peripheral nerves caused by diabetes.
The most common symptoms include burning sensations, pangs or tingling in the legs, especially the soles, intermittent or constant numbness, and feeling as if one is wearing socks or boots. There may be a constant burning sensation and severe pain and walking is often painful and described by patients as walking on “hot coals”. An intense shooting pain in the feet or legs can also occur.

Treatment
It is vital to detect the onset of polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes as early as possible, before any permanent nerve damage has occurred and when the process can still be halted by appropriate therapy.
It is treated with physical therapy – TENS currents that go before pain nerve fibres, a laser therapy programme for neuropathy and a magnet therapy programme for reducing soft tissue irritation.

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Very limited mobility of the spine (Bechterew’s disease)

Cause
It is a chronic, progressive, inflammatory disease of the skeletal system. First it affects the lumbar and sacroiliac region and then spreads to ligaments and connective tissue along the spine. The inflamed area then ossifies and the spine curves forwards and becomes rigid and immobile. The disease progresses in flares and gradually spreads to peripheral joints. Later there are changes to the eyes, heart, lungs and digestive organs. It takes 10 to 25 years to fully develop.

Treatment
Physical therapy can slow down the progression of the disease. It is treated with ultrasound therapy, a special programme for Bechterew’s disease and kinesiotherapy, which involves exercises with a therapist to increase the mobility of every segment of the spine. Besides medication, this is the only way to slow down the progression of this extremely serious and fatal disease.

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Changes in the small joints of the hand (arthrosis)

Cause
The disease occurs as a result of degenerative changes to the articular cartilage. In its place there appears a bony growth on the margin of the bone which reduces the mobility of the joint. This occurs in all the joints of the hand reducing the mobility of the fingers and the ability to grasp and hold objects. It does not affect the patient’s general health, but it makes their daily life extremely difficult.

Treatment
It is treated with ultrasound therapy, a special programme for this kind of disease – sound is transmitted through water, reducing inflammation and deformity. Exercises help to increase and maintain the mobility of small joints.

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Pain and reduced mobility in the elderly

Cause
The most common causes of reduced mobility are chronic inflammatory degenerative diseases. They occur with age reducing patients’ mobility, their ability to care for themselves as well as their independence and self-confidence.

Treatment
It is treated with dosed and individually prescribed exercises, first with the help of a therapist and later independently.

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Joint pain in the knees, elbows, ankles, hips, shoulders, fingers and foot bones (arthrosis)

Cause
The condition develops as a result of degenerative changes in articular cartilage. It affects all the peripheral joints (knees, hips, shoulders, fingers, foot bones), often several at once. The causes include microtraumas, joint overload, doing one-sided sports, obesity, badly healed fractures, deformities, muscle weakness and, on the other hand, genetics, age, unhealthy diet and reduced physical activity.

Treatment
It is treated with physical therapy. Joint pain and degeneration programmes using ultrasound, laser, interferential currents and magnet produce excellent results, reduce pain and increase joint functionality.

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Back muscle pain (fibromyalgia)

Cause
This condition is manifested by pain throughout the body. In addition to back muscle pain, the patient experiences morning stiffness, headaches, depression and fatigue, difficulty sleeping, numbness in hands and feet, restless legs and sensitivity to sound, light or temperature changes. It often occurs together with other conditions. Fibromyalgia more commonly affects women.

Treatment
It is treated with massage therapy, physical therapy for pain in the painful areas, a magnet programme for treating fibromyalgia and kinesiotherapy which involves light aerobic exercises. See: Individualized Fitness Training.

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